What Are Uterine Fibroids? Everything You Need to Know
Recent data shows that up to 70–80% of women will develop uterine fibroids by age 50, yet many remain undiagnosed for years.
According to Harvard Medical School, fibroids are one of the most common gynecological conditions, but many women delay seeking care because they normalize symptoms like heavy bleeding or pelvic pain.
This gap between how common fibroids are and how often they’re properly treated can have a real impact on quality of life. Understanding what’s happening in your body is the first step toward feeling better—and regaining control.
Let’s break down what uterine fibroids are, why they develop, and what you can do if they’re affecting your daily life.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. Doctors also call them leiomyomas or myomas.
They form from muscle tissue and can vary in size. Some are as small as a seed, while others grow large enough to change the shape of the uterus.
Even though they are very common, many women don’t realize they have them.
What Causes Fibroids?
Doctors don’t fully understand why fibroids develop. However, research from leading institutions points to a few key factors.
Hormones Play a Big Role
Estrogen and progesterone stimulate fibroid growth. These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle.
That’s why fibroids often grow during reproductive years and shrink after menopause.
Lifestyle and Environmental Factors
Obesity, diet, and stress may also influence fibroid growth.
Types of Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids are classified based on where they grow in the uterus.
Intramural Fibroids
Fibroids that grow within the muscular wall of the uterus. They are the most common type.
Submucosal Fibroids
Fibroids that develop just under the uterine lining. They can cause heavy bleeding and fertility issues.
Subserosal Fibroids
Fibroids that grow on the outer surface of the uterus. They often press on nearby organs.
Pedunculated Fibroids
Fibroids that attach to the uterus by a thin stalk. They can grow inside or outside the uterus.
Common Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
Not all fibroids cause symptoms. However, when they do, they can disrupt your daily life.
Heavy or Prolonged Periods
You may notice bleeding that lasts longer than usual or includes clots.
Pelvic Pain or Pressure
Some women feel constant pressure or fullness in the lower abdomen.
Frequent Urination
Large fibroids can press on the bladder.
Painful Intercourse
Discomfort during intimacy can also be a sign.
Fatigue
Heavy bleeding may lead to anemia, which causes tiredness and weakness.
Symptom severity often depends on the size and location of the fibroids.
When Should You See a Specialist?
You should not ignore persistent symptoms. Many women normalize discomfort for years, but that can delay proper care.
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Heavy bleeding that affects your routine
- Pelvic pain that doesn’t go away
- Difficulty emptying your bladder
- Symptoms of anemia, like dizziness or fatigue
Early evaluation helps you explore more treatment options.
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Doctors usually start with a pelvic exam. If they suspect fibroids, they may recommend imaging tests.
Ultrasound
This is the most common and non-invasive test.
MRI
An MRI provides a more detailed view. It helps determine size, number, and location.
Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids
Treatment depends on your symptoms, age, and personal goals. Not every woman needs surgery.
Watchful Waiting
If your symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend monitoring the fibroids.
Medications
Hormonal treatments can help control symptoms. However, they don’t eliminate fibroids.
Minimally Invasive Procedures
Options like Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) shrink fibroids without surgery.
UFE blocks blood flow to the fibroid, causing it to shrink over time. It offers faster recovery and preserves the uterus.
Surgery
Usually, procedures like myomectomy or hysterectomy are recommended by specialists, but it is important to always search for a second opinion if you want to preserve your uterus.
Can Fibroids Affect Your Quality of Life?
Absolutely. Fibroids can impact your work, relationships, and emotional well-being.
Many women plan their days around bathroom access or worry about bleeding through clothes. Others avoid social events or intimacy due to discomfort.
However, you don’t have to live like this. Effective treatments are available, and many women find long-term relief.
Take Control of Your Health
Understanding your body is the first step. If something feels off, trust your instincts and seek answers.
At South Florida Vascular Associates, William Julien (MD) has over 30 years of experience in minimally invasive solutions that help you feel like yourself again.
You deserve relief, confidence, and peace of mind.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Dr. Julien has performed more than 40,000 vascular procedures across a 30-year career. Double board-certified in Interventional Radiology and Diagnostic Radiology by the American Board of Radiology, he is the co-founder and past president of the Outpatient Endovascular & Interventional Society, a national faculty speaker at SIR, TCT, VIVA, and the Southeastern Angiographic Society, and a published author. Named a Boca Magazine Top Doctor 2025.
